The Makani M600 pylons exhibit a resonant mode during a constrained hover test—shaking and flexing upon start. This particular resonance was exacerbated by an experimental feature that had been added to the controller to regulate roll attitude by redistributing the thrust command to rotors with different spin directions. We called this configuration “reverse double rainbow” because the bottom outboard rotors and top inboard rotors spun one direction (making one “rainbow” while the top outboard rotors and bottom inboard rotors spun the opposite direction making another (upside down) “rainbow.” This experiment caused major damage to the pylons and was resolved by reverting the hover controller to the version without the roll control feature.
To learn more about the Makani M600 energy kite and Makani’s approach to technology development and testing please see "Makani's Flight Testing Approach," included in The Energy Kite: Selected Results From the Design, Development and Testing of Makani’s Airborne Wind Turbines, Part I, and available at x.company/projects/makani.